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   <subfield code="z">9781451859713</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">1018-5941</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Perrelli, Roberto.</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0">
   <subfield code="a">Foreign Currency Credit Ratings for Emerging Market Economies /</subfield>
   <subfield code="c">Roberto Perrelli, Christian Mulder.</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1">
   <subfield code="a">Washington, D.C. :</subfield>
   <subfield code="b">International Monetary Fund,</subfield>
   <subfield code="c">2001.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">1 online resource (23 pages)</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">IMF Working Papers</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">&lt;strong&gt;Off-Campus Access:&lt;/strong&gt; No User ID or Password Required</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">&lt;strong&gt;On-Campus Access:&lt;/strong&gt; No User ID or Password Required</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Electronic access restricted to authorized BRAC University faculty, staff and students</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">This paper examines how ratings for emerging market economies have been set. Given the high degree of autocorrelation in ratings, we use estimators that yield consistent parameters in the presence of such correlation. The results show that rating changes for emerging market economies have been dominated by variables different from those suggested by the literature. We also conclude that some deterioration in the ratings was warranted during the recent crisis episodes in view of the behavior of economic fundamentals, but that the agencies overreacted for several key countries. We find evidence of a structural break: since the Asian crisis period, ratings have been influenced by reserves in relation to short-term debt.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Mode of access: Internet</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Mulder, Christian.</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="830" ind1=" " ind2="0">
   <subfield code="a">IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;</subfield>
   <subfield code="v">No. 2001/191</subfield>
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   <subfield code="z">Full text available on IMF</subfield>
   <subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/001/2001/191/001.2001.issue-191-en.xml</subfield>
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