<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
 <record>
  <leader>02034cas a2200265 a 4500</leader>
  <controlfield tag="001">AALejournalIMF002273</controlfield>
  <controlfield tag="008">230101c9999    xx  r poo     0    0eng d</controlfield>
  <datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="c">5.00 USD</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="z">9781451845990</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="022" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">1018-5941</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">BD-DhAAL</subfield>
   <subfield code="c">BD-DhAAL</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">Tiongson, Erwin.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0">
   <subfield code="a">Foreign Aid and Consumption Smoothing : </subfield>
   <subfield code="b">Evidence From Global Food Aid /</subfield>
   <subfield code="c">Erwin Tiongson, Benedict Clements, Sanjeev Gupta.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1">
   <subfield code="a">Washington, D.C. :</subfield>
   <subfield code="b">International Monetary Fund,</subfield>
   <subfield code="c">2003.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">1 online resource (26 pages)</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">IMF Working Papers</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">&lt;strong&gt;Off-Campus Access:&lt;/strong&gt; No User ID or Password Required</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">&lt;strong&gt;On-Campus Access:&lt;/strong&gt; No User ID or Password Required</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="506" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">Electronic access restricted to authorized BRAC University faculty, staff and students</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">Global food aid is considered a critical consumption smoothing mechanism in many countries. However, its record of stabilizing consumption has been mixed. This paper examines the cyclical properties of food aid with respect to food availability in recipient countries, with a view to assessing its impact on consumption in some 150 developing countries and transition economies, covering 1970 to 2000. The results show that global food aid has been allocated to countries most in need. Food aid has also been countercyclical within countries with the greatest need. However, for most countries, food aid is not countercyclical. The amount of food aid provided is also insufficient to mitigate contemporaneous shortfalls in consumption. The results are robust to various specifications and filtering techniques and have important implications for macroeconomic and fiscal management.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="538" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">Mode of access: Internet</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">Clements, Benedict.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">Gupta, Sanjeev.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="830" ind1=" " ind2="0">
   <subfield code="a">IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;</subfield>
   <subfield code="v">No. 2003/040</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0">
   <subfield code="z">Full text available on IMF</subfield>
   <subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/001/2003/040/001.2003.issue-040-en.xml</subfield>
   <subfield code="z">IMF e-Library</subfield>
  </datafield>
 </record>
</collection>
