01759cas a2200241 a 4500 AALejournalIMF002283 230101c9999 xx r poo 0 0eng d 5.00 USD 9781451842456 1018-5941 BD-DhAAL BD-DhAAL Levin, Jonathan. Measuring the Role of Subnational Governments / Jonathan Levin. Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 1991. 1 online resource (20 pages) IMF Working Papers <strong>Off-Campus Access:</strong> No User ID or Password Required <strong>On-Campus Access:</strong> No User ID or Password Required Electronic access restricted to authorized BRAC University faculty, staff and students To measure subnational governments, only external money flows are counted, excluding intra-level transactions in measuring a level of government and all intergovernmental transactions in measuring general government. Control, finance, and administration should be distinguished in measuring centralization and each level's share of general government, administered expenditures being net of grants given to other governments and financed expenditures net of grants received. Disparate decentralization of finance, control, and administration brings vertical imbalance, measured by the portion of a government's expenditures not covered by its own resources and by the ratio of intergovernmental grants to total government expenditures. Mode of access: Internet IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ; No. 1991/008 Full text available on IMF http://elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/001/1991/008/001.1991.issue-008-en.xml IMF e-Library