01947cas a2200253 a 4500 AALejournalIMF003943 230101c9999 xx r poo 0 0eng d 5.00 USD 9781451862638 1018-5941 BD-DhAAL BD-DhAAL Combes, Jean-Louis. How Does Trade Openness Influence Budget Deficits in Developing Countries? / Jean-Louis Combes, Tahsin Saadi-Sedik. Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2006. 1 online resource (22 pages) IMF Working Papers <strong>Off-Campus Access:</strong> No User ID or Password Required <strong>On-Campus Access:</strong> No User ID or Password Required Electronic access restricted to authorized BRAC University faculty, staff and students This paper analyzes the effects of trade openness on budget balances by distinguishing the effects of natural openness from those of trade-policy induced openness. Using the GMMsystem estimator, the econometric analysis focuses on 66 developing countries during 1974-98. The results show that trade openness increases a country's exposure to external shocks regardless of its underlying causes. This reinforces the adverse effects of terms of trade instability on budget balances. However, trade openness also influences budget balances through several other channels: corruption, income inequalities, et cetera The paper shows that these additional effects of natural openness and trade-policy induced openness on budget balances go in opposite directions: the former deteriorates budget balances whereas the latter improves them. Mode of access: Internet Saadi-Sedik, Tahsin. IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ; No. 2006/003 Full text available on IMF http://elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/001/2006/003/001.2006.issue-003-en.xml IMF e-Library