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   <subfield code="z">9781451872385</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">1018-5941</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Hakura, Dalia.</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0">
   <subfield code="a">Remittances : </subfield>
   <subfield code="b">An Automatic Output Stabilizer? /</subfield>
   <subfield code="c">Dalia Hakura, Ralph Chami, Peter Montiel.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Washington, D.C. :</subfield>
   <subfield code="b">International Monetary Fund,</subfield>
   <subfield code="c">2009.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">1 online resource (31 pages)</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">IMF Working Papers</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">&lt;strong&gt;On-Campus Access:&lt;/strong&gt; No User ID or Password Required</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Remittance flows appear to be falling worldwide for the first time in decades as a result of the ongoing financial turmoil. It is suspected that the drop in remittance income into developing and emerging markets will have a destabilizing effect on these economies. The paper estimates the impact of remittances on output stability for countries that are dependent on these income flows. Using a sample of 70 countries, including 16 advanced economies and 54 developing countries, we find robust evidence that remittances have a negative effect on output growth volatility of recipient countries. This result supports the notion that remittance flows are a stabilizing influence on output. Thus, the fall in remittances precipitated by the ongoing global financial crisis could potentially increase output variability in recipient countries. This would present a hard challenge for governments in those countries already suffering from the crisis: they must resort to an already stressed and limited set of policy instruments, such as fiscal policy, to counter the resulting adverse economic and social impacts of lower remittances.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Chami, Ralph.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Montiel, Peter.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;</subfield>
   <subfield code="v">No. 2009/091</subfield>
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   <subfield code="z">Full text available on IMF</subfield>
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