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   <subfield code="z">9781463931858</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">1018-5941</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Kiff, John.</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0">
   <subfield code="a">Are Rating Agencies Powerful? : </subfield>
   <subfield code="b">An Investigation Into the Impact and Accuracy of Sovereign Ratings /</subfield>
   <subfield code="c">John Kiff, Sylwia Nowak, Liliana Schumacher.</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1">
   <subfield code="a">Washington, D.C. :</subfield>
   <subfield code="b">International Monetary Fund,</subfield>
   <subfield code="c">2012.</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">1 online resource (35 pages)</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">IMF Working Papers</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">&lt;strong&gt;Off-Campus Access:&lt;/strong&gt; No User ID or Password Required</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">&lt;strong&gt;On-Campus Access:&lt;/strong&gt; No User ID or Password Required</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Electronic access restricted to authorized BRAC University faculty, staff and students</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">We find that Credit Rating Agencies (CRA)'s opinions have an impact in the cost of funding of sovereign issuers and consequently ratings are a concern for financial stability. While ratings produced by the major CRAs perform reasonably well when it comes to rank ordering default risk among sovereigns, there is evidence of rating stability failure during the recent global financial crisis. These failures suggest that ratings should incorporate the obligor's resilience to stress scenarios. The empirical evidence also supports: (i) reform initiatives to reduce the impact of CRAs' certification services; (ii) more stringent validation requirements for ratings if they are to be used in capital regulations; and (iii) more transparency with regard to the quantitative parameters used in the rating process.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Mode of access: Internet</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">Nowak, Sylwia.</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">Schumacher, Liliana.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;</subfield>
   <subfield code="v">No. 2012/023</subfield>
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   <subfield code="z">Full text available on IMF</subfield>
   <subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/001/2012/023/001.2012.issue-023-en.xml</subfield>
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