02038cas a2200253 a 4500 AALejournalIMF013177 230101c9999 xx r poo 0 0eng d 5.00 USD 9781475530162 1018-5941 BD-DhAAL BD-DhAAL Caceres, Carlos. Measures of Fiscal Risk in Hydrocarbon-Exporting Countries / Carlos Caceres, Leandro Medina. Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2012. 1 online resource (21 pages) IMF Working Papers <strong>Off-Campus Access:</strong> No User ID or Password Required <strong>On-Campus Access:</strong> No User ID or Password Required Electronic access restricted to authorized BRAC University faculty, staff and students The recent relatively high levels of global oil prices have led to a significant improvement in the public finances of several hydrocarbon-exporting countries. However, despite the increase in fiscal buffers, medium-term risks remain high. Fiscal vulnerabilities have increased as a consequence of the substantial spending packages that have been implemented in recent years. This has raised break-even prices-that is, the price levels that ensure that fiscal accounts are in balance at a given level of spending-in these countries. This study analyses such risks and develops measures of fiscal risk stemming from oil price fluctuations. An empirical application to hydrocarbon-exporting countries from the Middle East and North Africa region is included. Additionally, it is noted that countries with large net assets and proven oil reserves are much less vulnerable to fiscal risk than is indicated by standard measures based on break-even prices.a. Mode of access: Internet Medina, Leandro. IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ; No. 2012/260 Full text available on IMF http://elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/001/2012/260/001.2012.issue-260-en.xml IMF e-Library