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   <subfield code="z">9781475515275</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">1018-5941</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Sugawara, Naotaka.</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0">
   <subfield code="a">From Volatility to Stability in Expenditure : </subfield>
   <subfield code="b">Stabilization Funds in Resource-Rich Countries /</subfield>
   <subfield code="c">Naotaka Sugawara.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Washington, D.C. :</subfield>
   <subfield code="b">International Monetary Fund,</subfield>
   <subfield code="c">2014.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">1 online resource (49 pages)</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">IMF Working Papers</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">&lt;strong&gt;Off-Campus Access:&lt;/strong&gt; No User ID or Password Required</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">&lt;strong&gt;On-Campus Access:&lt;/strong&gt; No User ID or Password Required</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Electronic access restricted to authorized BRAC University faculty, staff and students</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">This paper examines the effect of stabilization funds on the volatility of government expenditure in resource-rich countries. Using a panel data set of 68 resource-rich countries over 1988-2012, the results find that the existence of stabilization funds contributes to smoothing government expenditure. The spending volatility in countries that have established such funds is found to be 13 percent lower in the main estimation, and similar impacts are found in robustness tests. The analysis also shows that political institutions and fiscal rules are significant factors in reducing the expenditure volatility, while highlighting the roles of the size of economy, diversified exports, real sector management, and financial markets.</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="830" ind1=" " ind2="0">
   <subfield code="a">IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;</subfield>
   <subfield code="v">No. 2014/043</subfield>
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   <subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/001/2014/043/001.2014.issue-043-en.xml</subfield>
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