01937cas a2200277 a 4500 AALejournalIMF015021 230101c9999 xx r poo 0 0eng d 5.00 USD 9781484365366 1018-5941 BD-DhAAL BD-DhAAL Di Bella, Gabriel. Energy Subsidies in Latin America and the Caribbean : Stocktaking and Policy Challenges / Gabriel Di Bella, Lawrence Norton, Joseph Ntamatungiro, Sumiko Ogawa. Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2015. 1 online resource (79 pages) IMF Working Papers <strong>Off-Campus Access:</strong> No User ID or Password Required <strong>On-Campus Access:</strong> No User ID or Password Required Electronic access restricted to authorized BRAC University faculty, staff and students The oil price decline creates an opportunity to dismantle energy subsidies, which escalated with high oil prices. This paper assesses energy subsidies in Latin America and the Caribbean-about 1.8 percent of GDP in 2011-13 (approximately evenly split between fuel and electricity), and about 3.8 percent of GDP including negative externalities. Countries with poorer institutions subsidize more. Energy-rich countries subsidize fuel more, but low-income countries are more likely to subsidize electricity, as are Central America and the Caribbean. Energy subsidies impose fiscal costs, hurting SOEs, competitiveness, and distribution. The paper overviews country experience with subsidy reform, drawing lessons. Mode of access: Internet Norton, Lawrence. Ntamatungiro, Joseph. Ogawa, Sumiko. IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ; No. 2015/030 Full text available on IMF http://elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/001/2015/030/001.2015.issue-030-en.xml IMF e-Library