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   <subfield code="z">9781513556338</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">1018-5941</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Hong, Gee Hee.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0">
   <subfield code="a">Structural Changes in Japanese Firms : </subfield>
   <subfield code="b">Business Dynamism in an Aging Society /</subfield>
   <subfield code="c">Gee Hee Hong, Arata Ito, Yukiko Umeno Saito, Anh Thi Ngoc Nguyen.</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1">
   <subfield code="a">Washington, D.C. :</subfield>
   <subfield code="b">International Monetary Fund,</subfield>
   <subfield code="c">2020.</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">1 online resource (39 pages)</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">IMF Working Papers</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">&lt;strong&gt;Off-Campus Access:&lt;/strong&gt; No User ID or Password Required</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">&lt;strong&gt;On-Campus Access:&lt;/strong&gt; No User ID or Password Required</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="506" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">Electronic access restricted to authorized BRAC University faculty, staff and students</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a serious threat to the survival of Japanese firms, highlighting the importance of understanding how and why firms exit. In this paper, we use a rich firm-level dataset of Japanese firms to document how firm exit patterns have evolved between 2007 and 2017. Firm exit patterns have been heavily influenced by Japan's demographic trends, as a majority of exits in recent years were voluntary exits of firms (business closures) owned by CEOs aged 65 years or older without business successors. In contrast to this increase in voluntary exits, other 'traditional' firm exits (such as bankruptcies), have declined. These findings underscore the importance of addressing business transition issues in a rapidly aging society.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Mode of access: Internet</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">Ito, Arata.</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">Nguyen, Anh Thi Ngoc.</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">Saito, Yukiko Umeno.</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="830" ind1=" " ind2="0">
   <subfield code="a">IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;</subfield>
   <subfield code="v">No. 2020/182</subfield>
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   <subfield code="z">Full text available on IMF</subfield>
   <subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/001/2020/182/001.2020.issue-182-en.xml</subfield>
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