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   <subfield code="z">9781513599861</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Pizzinelli, Carlo.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Assessing Banking and Currency Crisis Risk in Small States : </subfield>
   <subfield code="b">An application to the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union /</subfield>
   <subfield code="c">Carlo Pizzinelli, Kotaro Ishi, Tariq Khan.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Washington, D.C. :</subfield>
   <subfield code="b">International Monetary Fund,</subfield>
   <subfield code="c">2021.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">1 online resource (34 pages)</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">IMF Working Papers</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">&lt;strong&gt;Off-Campus Access:&lt;/strong&gt; No User ID or Password Required</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">&lt;strong&gt;On-Campus Access:&lt;/strong&gt; No User ID or Password Required</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Electronic access restricted to authorized BRAC University faculty, staff and students</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">To complement the early warning signals literature, we study the determinants of banking and currency crises for small states and currency boards. Building on the crisis dataset by Laeven and Valencia (2020), we estimate a binominal logit model to identify the determinants of crises, and as a case study, we apply our models to the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU). Our findings largely confirm past studies' results that both external and domestic fundamentals matter in predicting crisis likelihood, but we find that small states and fixed exchange rate regimes are more sensitive to these fundamentals, compared to larger economies. Our empirical results also suggest that for currency board economies, keeping a high level of the foreign reserve cover-the 'backing ratio' defined as official foreign reserves as a share of central bank demand liabilities-is critical to reduce the likelihood of both banking and currency crises. The backing ratio is particularly important during years of global economic downturn.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Mode of access: Internet</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7">
   <subfield code="a">Banking Crises, Currency Crises and Early Warning Signals</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Current Account Adjustment</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Financial Crises</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Forecasting and Other Model Applications</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Ishi, Kotaro.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Khan, Tariq.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;</subfield>
   <subfield code="v">No. 2021/276</subfield>
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   <subfield code="z">Full text available on IMF</subfield>
   <subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/001/2021/276/001.2021.issue-276-en.xml</subfield>
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