<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
 <record>
  <leader>02819cas a2200325 a 4500</leader>
  <controlfield tag="001">AALejournalIMF022527</controlfield>
  <controlfield tag="008">230101c9999    xx  r poo     0    0eng d</controlfield>
  <datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="c">20.00 USD</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="z">9798400204746</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="022" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">1018-5941</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">BD-DhAAL</subfield>
   <subfield code="c">BD-DhAAL</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">Arslanalp, Serkan.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="4">
   <subfield code="a">The Stealth Erosion of Dollar Dominance : </subfield>
   <subfield code="b">Active Diversifiers and the Rise of Nontraditional Reserve Currencies /</subfield>
   <subfield code="c">Serkan Arslanalp, Barry Eichengreen, Chima Simpson-Bell.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1">
   <subfield code="a">Washington, D.C. :</subfield>
   <subfield code="b">International Monetary Fund,</subfield>
   <subfield code="c">2022.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">1 online resource (42 pages)</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">IMF Working Papers</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">&lt;strong&gt;Off-Campus Access:&lt;/strong&gt; No User ID or Password Required</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">&lt;strong&gt;On-Campus Access:&lt;/strong&gt; No User ID or Password Required</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="506" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">Electronic access restricted to authorized BRAC University faculty, staff and students</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">We document a decline in the dollar share of international reserves since the turn of the century. This decline reflects active portfolio diversification by central bank reserve managers; it is not a byproduct of changes in exchange rates and interest rates, of reserve accumulation by a small handful of central banks with large and distinctive balance sheets, or of changes in coverage of surveys of reserve composition. Strikingly, the decline in the dollar's share has not been accompanied by an increase in the shares of the pound sterling, yen and euro, other long-standing reserve currencies and units that, along with the dollar, have historically comprised the IMF's Special Drawing Rights. Rather, the shift out of dollars has been in two directions: a quarter into the Chinese renminbi, and three quarters into the currencies of smaller countries that have played a more limited role as reserve currencies. A characterization of the evolution of the international reserve system in the last 20 years is thus as ongoing movement away from the dollar, a recent if still modest rise in the role of the renminbi, and changes in market liquidity, relative returns and reserve management enhancing the attractions of nontraditional reserve currencies. These observations provide hints of how the international system may evolve going forward.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="538" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">Mode of access: Internet</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7">
   <subfield code="a">Foreign Exchange</subfield>
   <subfield code="2">imf</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7">
   <subfield code="a">International Finance</subfield>
   <subfield code="2">imf</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7">
   <subfield code="a">International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions</subfield>
   <subfield code="2">imf</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7">
   <subfield code="a">International Reserves, Currency Composition and Dollar</subfield>
   <subfield code="2">imf</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7">
   <subfield code="a">USD Share</subfield>
   <subfield code="2">imf</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">Eichengreen, Barry.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">Simpson-Bell, Chima.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="830" ind1=" " ind2="0">
   <subfield code="a">IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;</subfield>
   <subfield code="v">No. 2022/058</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0">
   <subfield code="z">Full text available on IMF</subfield>
   <subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/001/2022/058/001.2022.issue-058-en.xml</subfield>
   <subfield code="z">IMF e-Library</subfield>
  </datafield>
 </record>
</collection>
