<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
 <record>
  <leader>02723cas a2200313 a 4500</leader>
  <controlfield tag="001">AALejournalIMF023210</controlfield>
  <controlfield tag="008">230101c9999    xx  r poo     0    0eng d</controlfield>
  <datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">9798400219030</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="c">20.00 USD</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="022" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">1018-5941</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">BD-DhAAL</subfield>
   <subfield code="c">BD-DhAAL</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">Jacome, Luis.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0">
   <subfield code="a">Central Bank Independence and Inflation in Latin America-Through the Lens of History /</subfield>
   <subfield code="c">Luis Jacome, Samuel Pienknagura.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1">
   <subfield code="a">Washington, D.C. :</subfield>
   <subfield code="b">International Monetary Fund,</subfield>
   <subfield code="c">2022.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">1 online resource (55 pages)</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">IMF Working Papers</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">&lt;strong&gt;Off-Campus Access:&lt;/strong&gt; No User ID or Password Required</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">&lt;strong&gt;On-Campus Access:&lt;/strong&gt; No User ID or Password Required</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="506" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">Electronic access restricted to authorized BRAC University faculty, staff and students</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">We study the link between central bank independence and inflation by providing narrative and empiricial evidence based on Latin America's experience over the past 100 years. We present a novel historical dataset of central bank independence for 17 Latin American countries and recount the rocky journey traveled by Latin America to achieve central bank independence and price stability. After their creation as independent institutions, central bank independence was eroded in the 1930s at the time of the Great Depression and following the abandonement of the gold exchange standard. Then, by the 1940s, central banks turned into de facto development banks under the aegis of governments, sawing the seeds for high inflation. It took the high inflation episodes of the 1970s and 1980s and the associated major decline in real income, and growing social discontent, to grant central banks political and operational independence to focus on fighting inflation starting in the 1990s. The empirical evidence confirms the strong negative association between central bank independence and inflation and finds that improvements in independence result in a steady decline in inflation. It also shows that high levels of central bank independence are associated with reductions in the likelihood of high inflation episodes, especially when accompanied by reductions in central bank financing to the central government.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="538" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">Mode of access: Internet</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7">
   <subfield code="a">Government and the Monetary System</subfield>
   <subfield code="2">imf</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7">
   <subfield code="a">Monetary Systems</subfield>
   <subfield code="2">imf</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7">
   <subfield code="a">Payment Systems</subfield>
   <subfield code="2">imf</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7">
   <subfield code="a">Regimes</subfield>
   <subfield code="2">imf</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7">
   <subfield code="a">Standards</subfield>
   <subfield code="2">imf</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">Pienknagura, Samuel.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="830" ind1=" " ind2="0">
   <subfield code="a">IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;</subfield>
   <subfield code="v">No. 2022/186</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0">
   <subfield code="z">Full text available on IMF</subfield>
   <subfield code="u">https://elibrary.imf.org/openurl?genre=journal&amp;issn=1018-5941&amp;volume=2022&amp;issue=186</subfield>
   <subfield code="z">IMF e-Library</subfield>
  </datafield>
 </record>
</collection>
